Educacional Video Games :: Education, Classrooms

In recent years the painting game commercialise has been rising. With the spic-and-span advancements with engine room the limitations argon slowly disappearing, what was once unimaginable is now possible. Todays youth is playing video games for enjoyment more(prenominal) than ever before. The market has even started make its way into classrooms, in the form of instructional mediums. These games are specifically made to increase knowledge and skills, some are even meant for enjoyment but reprise as educational. The marketers of video games have picked up on this fact and have been working on making more suitable games. at that place are some different aspects of this new technique of teaching that still needs to be discovered. There are many different reasons as to why educators are supplementing games into their classrooms. Simpson & Clem (2008) give tongue to that the reason as to why this generation learns differently is because they have grown up in a digital world. T his has influenced students to learn and speculate differently than the precedent generations. Simpson (2006) say that 92% of children between 2 and 17 play video games. Also tell apartd is that video games are used on a casual basis in childrens lives. Gordon (2010) wrote that students are lacking motivation to learn, causing them to fail state tests. Also stated by Gordon students were more engaged in class, practiced more skills, and completed their homework. As stated before students use video games in their daily lives, which is related to the way they learn. Simpson (2008) stated that students lean more if they are actively engaged. This in fact has been proven through an increase of test scores. According to Din & Calao (2001) wrote that students who had low focus were little focused when a teacher was teaching, and more focus when computers were used. Rice (2007) wrote that educational video games increase team building, experiential learning, and understanding of abs tract concepts. As society, education, and technology change video games for educational purposes will be more prevalent in classrooms. The key to using video games in the classroom is proper useation. Gordon (2010) gave tips as of how to properly implement games into a school environment. Also stated was that the right game must enforce what students need to learn and should be parallel to the state standards. According to Gordon (2010) on that point are many questions that need to be answered for proper implementation these questions are who, what, when, and where.Educacional Video Games Education, ClassroomsIn recent years the video game market has been rising. With the new advancements with technology the limitations are slowly disappearing, what was once unimaginable is now possible. Todays youth is playing video games for enjoyment more than ever before. The market has even started making its way into classrooms, in the form of instructional mediums. These games are spec ifically made to increase knowledge and skills, some are even meant for enjoyment but double as educational. The marketers of video games have picked up on this fact and have been working on making more suitable games. There are many different aspects of this new technique of teaching that still needs to be discovered. There are many different reasons as to why educators are supplementing games into their classrooms. Simpson & Clem (2008) stated that the reason as to why this generation learns differently is because they have grown up in a digital world. This has influenced students to learn and think differently than the previous generations. Simpson (2006) stated that 92% of children between 2 and 17 play video games. Also stated is that video games are used on a daily basis in childrens lives. Gordon (2010) wrote that students are lacking motivation to learn, causing them to fail state tests. Also stated by Gordon students were more engaged in class, practiced more skills, and completed their homework. As stated before students use video games in their daily lives, which is related to the way they learn. Simpson (2008) stated that students lean more if they are actively engaged. This in fact has been proven through an increase of test scores. According to Din & Calao (2001) wrote that students who had low focus were less focused when a teacher was teaching, and more focus when computers were used. Rice (2007) wrote that educational video games increase team building, experiential learning, and understanding of abstract concepts. As society, education, and technology change video games for educational purposes will be more prevalent in classrooms. The key to using video games in the classroom is proper implementation. Gordon (2010) gave tips as of how to properly implement games into a school environment. Also stated was that the right game must enforce what students need to learn and should be parallel to the state standards. According to Gordon (2010) there are many questions that need to be answered for proper implementation these questions are who, what, when, and where.

CEO and Head of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors Essay

This memo is in response to your request concerning how to establish the appropriate tone. The purposes of this memo are, first, to explain the meaning and significance of evaluating retain environment second, to discuss the integrity and good values third, to show the organizational structure fourth, the importance of establishing commitment to competence finally, to establish and segregate the division of responsibilities of pay and accounting department in order to establish the appropriate tone.Control EnvironmentControl environment is the step engaged by a keep partnership to prevent fraud both misappropriation of assets and fraudulent financial reporting. It has an equal role in assuring control over manufacturing and other processes. As a result of fraudulent financial reporting, the objective of accounting company is to study the causal factors that are associated with fraudulent reporting and to make recommendation to reduce its incidence. COSO emphasizes that insepara ble control is a process to an end, and not an end in and of itself. The process is effected by individuals, not merely policy manuals, documents, and forms. By including the concept of healthy assurance which recognizes that the cost of a companys internal control should not exceed the benefits expected to be obtained. The control environment sets the tone of the company by influencing the control awareness of individual. It may be viewed as the foundation for the other components of internal control. The effectiveness of internal control depends on the integrity and ethical values of the personnel who are responsible for creating, administrating, and monitoring controls. Integrity and Ethical ValuesIntegrity and ethical values are very importan... ...cide what skills are take to appropriately perform job responsibilities. Second, it must staff those jobs with individuals who have the needed skills.Trade-offs can be made in fulfilling these step, such as placing a less(prenomina l) experience person in a demanding job and providing that person with extra supervision. Develop a matrix management in other to share authority. point authorities in other to accomplish the organizations goals, and make sure that people who are making decisions understand that they will be responsible. flora Cited Auditing & Assurances Services by Messier 9th edition2 (COSO Internal control Framework, Executive Summary)3 http//www.isaca.org/Journal/Past-Issues/2009/Volume-3/Pages/Tone-at-the-Top-Is-Vital1.aspx4 http//www.coso.org/documents/990025P_Executive_Summary_final_may20_e.pdf5 www.journalofaccountancy.com May 2004

Egyptian Mythology: Enviromental Influences :: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History

Egyptian Mythology Enviromental InfluencesReligion potful be thought of as the identification by human beings of a superhuman power that controls the universe and everything that is, was, or shall be in it. Each individual human being can rent that the superhuman control power is a deity worthy of being loved or capable of inspiring awe, obedience, and even fear. The effect of these feelings on individuals can lead to the setting up of a system of worship of the deity and to the drawing up of a code of beliefs and conduct inspired by their unearthly faith. As all religions follow this, the Egyptians seem to be unique in their beliefs.The Egyptians did not have a true religion they had more of a gathering of myths and doctrines, which evolved to suit the worshippers needs. Although many changes were evident in their religion, conflict between new and old concepts did not occur. However, their belief system was much more complex and exuberant than that of any other culture. A cle ar reason is not given, but we theorize that environmental conditions play a significant role in their authenticity.It is a truism that the activities of people everywhere are influenced by the conditions under which they live, and religious thought is no exception to this. Before the days of mass communication, an Eskimo, living in cold climate, had no experience of any great heat generated by the sun. His idea of hell, therefore, would be a place of extreme cold. On the other hand, a man living in a hot climate can scarce visualize hell as an even hotter place than any with which he has ever had acquaintance with.The Nile River plays an important part in Egyptian mythology. As the Nile flows northward through Egypt, it creates a narrow ribbon of fertile land in the midst of a great desert. The sharp contrast between the fertility along the Nile and the wasteland of the desert became a basic theme in Egyptian mythology.The Egyptians lived in a river valley, 1200 km long from the E gypt south border at Aswan to the northern boundary on the Mediterranean, bordered in by ancient river terraces. The only fertile land was that watered by the Nile, which flowed through the valley the rest was desert. Thus, the land in which the Egyptians lived was considered to be the gift of the river. Every

Religious Roles in The Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Essay

Religious Roles in The Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah EquianoThe narrative of Olaudah Equiano is truly a splendiferous unmatchable. Not only does the reader get to see the world through Equianos let personal experiences, we get to read a major autobiography that feature the form of a slave narrative with that of a spiritual conversion autobiography. Religion may be viewed as at the heart of the matter in Equianos long, remarkable journey. Through Equianos own experiences, the reader uncovers just how massive a role religion contend in the part of his Narrative and in that of his own life. More specifically, we learn of how his religious conversion meant a type of freedom as momentous as his own independence from slavery. As one reads his tale, one learns just how dedicated he his to that of his Christian faith from his constant narration of the scriptures to the way that Equiano feels a growing sense of empowerment from the biblical texts for the oppressed community. How ever, at the same time, one may question Equianos own Christian piety. Did Equiano really seek to tell the tale of his souls spiritual journey, did he really believe divinity fudge would set him free or was he simply using religion as a ways of manipulating British and American readers to accept him as a credible narrator. Regardless of which of these facts is true, religion is quite possibly the defining feature of his life story. Equianos own exposure of Christianity first began when he was no older than 12 years old and was first arriving in England, where he experienced the sight of snow for the first time. Curious to what it was, he asked a mate and soon effectuate out that a great man in the heavens, Called God Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrati... ...he bruised, which our Savior speaks of, who are they? (Equiano, 124)Undeniably there is no doubt that religion played a major role in Equianos own life and in his Narrative. No matter what you believe about Equianos own Christian piety, there is no question that his religious conversion (at the very least) gave him a type of freedom of tranquility that was as vital to his heart, as his own manumission from slavery brought him. Just as Equiano himself mentions about his life and all the events that occurred in it what makes any event important, unless by its observation we become better and wiser, and learn to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly before God? (Equiano, 253)BibliographyEquiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano. Edited by Angelo Costanzo. Orchard Park, NY Broadway Literary Texts, 2004.

Creation verses Evolution Essay -- essays research papers fc

There ar many beliefs about how we came to be. There is the religious belief, on that point is the Big Bang theory, and in that respect is the belief that we evolved from lower life forms. Its hard to say exactly how life came to be and who have the right answer. A person can take adept of the two views on the origin of life. Either they believe there is a creator (creationist) or they believe (evolutionist) but with a thorough examination of scientific evidence one must believe that evolution is the basis for our existence. The idea of creation varies with each of the worlds many religions not providing creationists with a inactive ground to inform on. Creationists believe in a supreme creator, who is responsible for the universe and everything natural that it contains. Creationists believe in Genesis to prove that evolutionists theories are false. Mostly everyone know the book they refer to The Holy parole, and in the book of Geneses chapter 2 verse 19 and out of the ground the Lord God organize every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air is what the creationist whole true. Although evolution is seen throughout nature and proven by ancient fossils, they still disagree with the thought. Creationists overwhelm a type of evolution as necessary in their studies. This form of evolution is called micro-evolution, or variation within a type of organism occurs. This sum that small changes take place like a frog grows web feet to swim better. Large-scale change of one type of organism to another is know as macro-evolution apes changing to humans. Creationists believe this type of evolution is beyond the ability of mutation or natural selection which the evolutionists believe.Creationists believe that Adam and Eve were the freshman human beings to walk the planet, and each of us is a descendant of the two. Evolutionist challenge this because Adam and Eve could only be one race but there are several different race of people in a wide range of colors. There are too many unanswered questions to stand up the theory of creation but taking the evolutionist point of view can clear things up. Evolutionists believe in their experiments and sciences to prove the creatio... ...oubts the fact of evolution is adequately clear. We do not need a listing of evidences to demonstrate the fact of evolution no more than we need to demonstrate the existence of mountain ranges. (Wysong 23).Theodosis Dobzhansky a geneticist who was quoted reflection Evolution as a historical fact was proved beyond a reasonable doubt not later than in the closing decades of the19th century. No one who takes the trouble to become familiar with the pertinent evidence has at present a valid reason that the living world, including man, is a product of evolutionary development. (Wysong 23)Works CitedHyperspace. A BBC video. With Sam Niel. Jason Browning, Dr. Gerald Lenner, Mark Rajock. Creation Science. 1997 http//emporium.turnpike.net/C/cs/Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Did man excite here by Evolution Or by Creation?. Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania and International Bible student Association. Life how did it get here. Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.Wysong, R.L. The Creation Evolution Controversy. 1st ed. 1976.The Holy Bible, King James Version.

Creation verses Evolution Essay -- essays research papers fc

There be many beliefs about how we came to be. There is the religious belief, thither is the Big Bang theory, and in that respect is the belief that we evolved from lower life forms. Its hard to say exactly how life came to be and who have the right answer. A person can take star of the two views on the origin of life. Either they believe there is a creator (creationist) or they believe (evolutionist) but with a thorough examination of scientific evidence one must believe that evolution is the basis for our existence. The idea of creation varies with each of the worlds many religions not providing creationists with a immutable ground to inform on. Creationists believe in a supreme creator, who is responsible for the universe and everything natural that it contains. Creationists believe in Genesis to prove that evolutionists theories are false. Mostly everyone know the book they refer to The Holy news, and in the book of Geneses chapter 2 verse 19 and out of the ground the Lord God organize every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air is what the creationist whole true. Although evolution is seen throughout nature and proven by ancient fossils, they still disagree with the thought. Creationists take a type of evolution as necessary in their studies. This form of evolution is called micro-evolution, or variation within a type of organism occurs. This means that small changes take place like a frog grows web feet to swim better. Large-scale change of one type of organism to another is know as macro-evolution apes changing to humans. Creationists believe this type of evolution is beyond the ability of mutation or natural selection which the evolutionists believe.Creationists believe that Adam and Eve were the graduation exercise human beings to walk the planet, and each of us is a descendant of the two. Evolutionist challenge this because Adam and Eve could only be one race but there are several different race of people in a wide range of colors. There are too many unanswered questions to endorse the theory of creation but taking the evolutionist point of view can clear things up. Evolutionists believe in their experiments and sciences to prove the creatio... ...oubts the fact of evolution is adequately clear. We do not need a listing of evidences to demonstrate the fact of evolution no more than we need to demonstrate the existence of mountain ranges. (Wysong 23).Theodosis Dobzhansky a geneticist who was quoted express Evolution as a historical fact was proved beyond a reasonable doubt not later than in the closing decades of the19th century. No one who takes the trouble to become familiar with the pertinent evidence has at present a valid reason that the living world, including man, is a product of evolutionary development. (Wysong 23)Works CitedHyperspace. A BBC video. With Sam Niel. Jason Browning, Dr. Gerald Lenner, Mark Rajock. Creation Science. 1997 http//emporium.turnpike.net/C/cs/Watch Tower Bible and Tract Socie ty of Pennsylvania. Did man conk here by Evolution Or by Creation?. Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania and International Bible student Association. Life how did it get here. Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.Wysong, R.L. The Creation Evolution Controversy. 1st ed. 1976.The Holy Bible, King James Version.

Helen Keller’s Life Essay

The evoke of Helen Adams Keller is known around the world as a symbol of heroism in the face of overwhelming odds, yet she was much more than a symbol. She was a woman of luminous intelligence, high ambition and great accomplishment. She devoted her livelihood to helping others. Helen Keller was born in Tus cumbia, Alabama, in 1880. When she was only 19 months old, she contracted a fever that left her blind and deaf. When she was almost seven years old, her parents engaged Anne Mansfield Sullivan to be her tutor. With dedication, patience, courage and love, Miss Sullivan was able to evoke and help develop the childs enormous intelligence.Helen Keller quickly learned to read and write, and began to speak by the age of 10. When she was 20, she entered Radcliffe College, with Miss Sullivan at her side to spell textbooks letter by letter into her hand. Four years later, Radcliffe awarded Helen Keller a Bachelors degreemagna cum laude. After graduation, Helen Keller began her lifes work of helping blind and deaf-blind people. She appeared before state and national legislatures and international forums, traveled around the world to lecture and to bring down areas with a high incidence of blindness, and wrote numerous books and articles.She met every U. S. president from Grover Cleveland to Lyndon Johnson, and played a major role in focusing the worlds attendance on the problems of the blind and the need for preventive measures. Miss Keller won numerous honors, including honorary university degrees, the Lions Humanitarian Award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and election to the Womens Hall of Fame. During her lifetime, she was systematically ranked near the top of most admired lists. She died in 1968, leaving a legacy that Helen Keller International is proud to carry on in her name and memory.

Suffering and Challenges of the Children in Kozol’s Writing

Suffering and Challenges of the Children in Kozols Writing. In the book entitle Amazing Grace authored by Jonathan Kozol, the children were suffering under severe poverty based on the fact that their pargonnt were very poor. harmonize to Kozols writing, few of them were described as the .. worthless of the poorest , poor by any standard.. They were of mixed races according to him two third are Hispanic, one third blacks and of the total population he wrote thirty-five pct children more than 95 percent are poor plurality.Most of them receive only the elementary education. Their parents could not train them up to high school take due to the fact that they were very poor. Kozol wrote At the elementary school that server the neighbor . only seven of the eight hundred do qualify for the separated school launches.. . How their character refl electroshock therapys the environment Due to the fact that their parent were very poor and could not t individually them good moral behavior s o they grew up wild and be suck upd very uncontrollable and engaging in all criminal activities. Kozol reports ..crack cocaine addiction and intravenous use of heroin which I have met here(predicate) call The niddle drugNearly 4000 heroin injections, many of whom are HIV infected live here. Asthma is the common illness among the children. Some of these houses are freeze in the winter. . Three more children and adults were shut murdered in the living room Thirty minutes a Minister and some other Parishioner were shut dead Kozol asked What is like for Children to grow up here? What do you think the world has done to them? The answer to his first incredulity is that the children were influenced by the environment they grew up.They grew up in poverty without sound education and the world does not care about them. Therefore Kozo asked What has the world do to them? We shall now go over to answer some of those questions that are related to the question he asked in rewarfared of the poor economic situation he found those children in his writing. How does religion provide a frame work of stability for families in this neighborhood?. (RS100/EVIL)Beefore we answer this question we should first of all answer this question which I feel forms the basis of religion. The question is What rule does Ideology play in the suffering according to Kozol?. To answer this question we must define the word Ideology this will give us a clue on exactly how it relates to the suffering children of Kozols writing. Let get the exact definition from the experts Ideology Could be defined as the fashion of interaction between individuals (RS-100/EVIL). One expert called Max wrote human beings are concerned about the good of the group cooperation. Based on Max definition, we croup understand that ideology is all about working for the goodness of the people and to co-operate with them in terms of need.Now we can answer the question of those suffering children in respect of the ideo logy concept. Based on this background, Kozol wrote St Anne Church on St Anne Avenue is three blocks from the subway station. The children who came to this small Episcopal Church for food and whiff to play and the mothers and fathers who deal here or pray Now you can see the rule Ideology played in the life of those suffering children. They could find food and comfort including their fathers and mothers at St Annes perform. Although the world generally do not care about them but the church cares.That is the real concept of ideology based on Max definition which states human beings are concerned about the good of the group cooperation. So the church which is a body of individuals could take out with sleep together to the suffering children. Within the church they received good moral teachings based on the principles of the Holy Bible and also to pray so that their lives could be change for a better society. Religion as Protection A forgatherst Ideology (RS100/Evil) The above s tatement gives us better understanding about the importance of religion to sympathy which will play a key rule in times of need.How does religion projects against ideology? One answer states It inspired religious people to endlessly look for victims Which means, religious people should search for victims and not victims to come to them although they could come to them just as the suffering children came to St Anne Church for food and comfort according to Kazol. further religious body should search for victims to help. Are you going to celebrate the winner or looser? (RS100/Evil). My answer is religious people should search for losers and not the winners. People in desperate situation and extreme poverty are losers who need help.They may be involved in natural disasters such as flooding, earthquake, fire disasters ect and they lost everything. In most cases, they could live in a very poor environment without access medical facilities, sound education, electricity and others. If you develop a Preferential option for the poor then you are challenging your society to do something about them (RS 100L/Evil). The small church at St. Anne has challenged other rich individuals and the administration to do something for the poor masses in that region including those suffering under severe poverty throughout the United States.The making of Ideology (RS 100/Evil) According to Robert Nisbet British Sociologist -Coherency Thoughts are connected to another in a way that makes sense While individuals such as church, philanthropic organizations, etc come with an idea to lap up problems, other individuals could come up with same ideas that makes sense. Therefore it becomes a coherent idea due to the fact that that the thoughts of individuals have come into agreement that could go broad way to solve human problems. Relationship to Political Power (RS 100/Evil).In the government circle, ideology plays a key rule due to the fact that people in the government are always thinking of how to solve problems which the citizens are passing through. As a result they could create out an agency which could reach out to the people facing such problem such as sending aids to disaster regions, epidemic etc. On the international level, governments, churches and other philanthropic organizations send aids to foreign countries to save lives of people who might have experienced natural disasters and even to refugees camps where there is an outbreak of civil war in a particular country.Ideology Question (RS 100L/Evil) What is the mode of interaction between individual? 1) Answer Individuals in their natural state compete with each other for scare resources 2) If two individual are competing over access to some resources, they may kill each other in attempt to gain possession As you can see, the second answer explains the first answer above. Take for example, the oil is a scarce resource due to the fact that it is not common in every nation. Consequently there are lot of conflicts going on in several parts of the world due its scarceness and high protect.People kill each other in order to gain possession because it makes someone to get rich very quickly. But the Human beings are more valuable than the oil. The need to help the suffering people is scarce only very few people could provide help like the church in Kozol writing. So it is very scarce to help the poor. Why is it so scarce to help human? The answer is that those who can help feel that they cannot have reward from those people they helped due to the fact that they are poor.But that of the oil, people fight for it and even kill themselves in order to gain access to it due to its value while the poor are not seen as valuable. Therefore the means to save the poor becomes a scarce resource. Amazing Grace (By Jonathan Kozol) broadside Gates Issues Call or Kinder Capitalism (Wall Street Journal 24 Jan. 2008) Pres. Chavez to Help Poor in United States before Christmas (ThinKandask. com Nov. 2005 ) The poor in the the States call out for international help(Now Health 16 August, 2004) The Crime? Helping the Poor While Being Wealthy( A Alender Through About Editoral)

Gas Crisis in Bangladesh

Natural sp crude oil in Bangladesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This condition has multiple issues. Please help remediate it or discuss these issues on the ripple page. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear beca theatrical role it lacks inline citations. (April 2012) This article is written like a ain reflection or essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. (April 2012) This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedias quality standards. April 2012) The presence of Natural gunman in Bangladesh has been act uponal through explo balancen by Bangladeshs public capability follow, Petrobangla, and more recently inter field of study oil and splatter companies (IOCs) have established the existence of a signifi stubt thrust source. Contents hide 1 Estimated reserves 2 The domestic natural fumble persistence 3 References 4 out-of-door links editEstimated reserves In recent years, several trillion cubic feet (TCF) of natural throttle valve have been added to the affirm 10. 5 TCF known as of 1996.Due to the point that on that point has been comparatively little exploration to date, estimates of the total extractable natural fumble resourcefulness in Bangladesh argon uncertain and veer widely. An estimate of 20 TCF is gaining acceptance among experts, but some argue that experiences in comparable basins elsewhere in the world suggest that the net rec overable resource could be as high as 50 TCF or even 100 TCF. At the current rate of natural ordnance use in Bangladesh (1000 mmcfd), the current estimated proven reserves would choke 45 years.Even if the present rate of use increases at 10 per cent per year, these reserves would last about 17 years. A reserve- growthion Reserves-to- production ratio of 17 is higher than that for close to industrial countries heavily dependent on natural drift, examples universeNorway, Canada, U. S. , and U. K. Here only the R/P ratio of gas is being considered for comparison. Relative to Bangladesh, these industrial countries have more diverse indigenous nothing sources such as burn, oil and nuclear. The U. S. n 1ffervescent uses sear to produce more than one-half its electricity.There be huge resources of gas in Bangladesh. Places where gas is commercially refines include Titas, Habiganj, Bakhrabad, Narshingdi, Meghna, Sylhet, Kailashtilla, Rashidpur, Beanibazar,Fenchuganj and Salda Nadi. In 2001, Petrobangla Director Major Raihanul Abedin initiated the bailiwick cast to decrease the use of using liquid terminates, by introducing natural gas conversion. He thought if cars could be reborn to use cooking gas instead of rather harmful provokes, the coulomb emission would decrease exponentially. He was given the permission by the Prime Minister Khaleda Zia to carry out his plans. 12 As a result, Asian outgrowth intrust funded his scheme and today more than 80% of Bangladeshi vehicles are run on gas which has lessened taint significantly. 3 editThe domestic natural gas manufacturing Petrobangla (Bangladesh Oil, flatulency and mineral Corporation), a 100 per cent state owned corporation, has the patriarchal responsibility for the natural gas industry in Bangladesh. Petrobangla is nether the educational activity of the Ministry of free zip fastener and mineral Resources it comprises several groups of companies ? An exploration family Bangladesh crude oil geographic expedition family ?Production companies Bangladesh Gas handle caller-out and Sylhet Gas Fields Company ? Transmission and statistical distribution companies ?Titas Gas Transmission and dispersal Company ?Bakhrabad Gas System ?Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System ?Western Zone Gas Supply Co. (Poschim Anchal Gas Bitaran Company, WESGAS, a new company for distribution of gas in the western representative of Bangladesh) ? A compressed natural gas company Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company Leading Private Companies Involved in Natural Gas Industry ?Libra enterprisingness (www. libraenterprise. om) ?Gasmin Limited ?Foundry Limited editReferences 1. M. Raihanul Abedin. take form use of of CNG as an Alternative Fuel for Transport-Air Pollution Control Perspective (2001) p. 49-54, International Seminar on Air Pollution in Dhaka City, October 30, 2001 France Bangladesh Association of Scholars and Trainees (FBAST). 2. Dhaka clear-cut Fuel Project Bangladesh at Asian Development Bank 3. Lisa Schroeder (March 25, 2009). Compressed natural gas clears the air in Bangladesh Cleaner-burning fuel is reducing dangerous levels of defilement and saving money, too. .The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2012-06-12. ?Natural Resources of Bangladesh. Retrieved whitethorn 17, 2012. ?Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural Gas Options for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural gas reserve estimates vary wid ely for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. Description Bangladesh has some oil reserves near Haripur in the eastern hilly rule of Sylhet, but these have yet to be developed. The Haripur reserves are estimated at 40 Mbbl, and the total resource is likely to be much higher..The search of oil and gas in the subject sports stadium constituting Bangladesh began in the later part of the 19th century through some isolated geological mapping. The first serious begin to find oil and gas was undertaken in Sitakund in 1908 by the Indian Petroleum Prospecting Company. During 1923-31 Burmah Oil Company (BOC) drilled two shallow surface in Patharia. The closelys were abandoned though there was a reported occurrence of oil. A total of 6 exploratory wells were drilled, the deepest being 1047 meters. There was barely no discovery and the Second population War disrupted further activity. afterwards the liberation of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) was for med, while the Bangladesh Petroleum Act was enacted in 1974. The off bring down area of Bangladesh was divided in to 6 blocks, which were taken up by Ash disgrace, ARCO, BODC (Japex), Union Oil, Canadian Superior Oil and Ina Naftaplin under production communion contract. These companies 7 offshore wells resulted in the discovery of Kutubdia offshore gas field. According to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Bangladesh had 2007 proved natural gas reserves of 0. 39 trillion cubic metres, 0. 1% of the world total, and 2007 natural gas production of 16. 27 billion cubic metres, 0. 55% of the world total. The 1980s saw quicken exploration activities by Petrobangla, which drilled 12 exploration wells and sight 7 gas fields. Among these the Fenchuganj well remains the deepest drilled well in Bangladesh (4977m). retardation a new milestone was strived when Petrobangla ascertained the first commercial oil pool in Sylhet on December 23, 1986. Since 1972 more than 32 exploratory wells have been drilled by the national and international companies which resulted in the discovery of 13 gas fields.Since the first exploration well was drilled in 1908 a total of 128 wells were drilled in Bangladesh until 2001, of which 63 are exploration wells. Of the exploration wells, 13 are in the offshore resulting in two discoveries and the tranquillity 52 are on shore with 20 discoveries. In 1993, following the formation of a new National Energy policy, the government of Bangladesh divided its dirt and offshore sites into 23 blocks and opened them to unknown bidding for oil and gas exploration. Eight blocks were awarded to four companies during the First Bidding Round in 1993, and four redundant blocks were awarded in the 1997 Second Bidding Round.Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) Energy is the key ingredient for socio-economic development of a country. Economic Development depends on reliable energy supply. To increase efficiency of the Ministry of provide, Ene rgy and Mineral Resources, it was divided into two divisions, vide Cabinet Division Notification No. CD-4/1/94-Rules/23(100), dated 25 March 1998, videlicet Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) and Power Division. Energy and Mineral Resources Division is entrusted to formulate all policies related to natural gas, liquid petroleum and mineral resources.EMRD is overly entrusted to formulate policies and administrative control over Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, Bureau of Mineral Development and Department of Explosives. EMRD alike supervises and monitors over Hydrocarbon Unit and Bangladesh Petroleum Institute. To achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to alleviate meagreness in line with vision 2021, Bangladesh has to meet increasing energy contract. In order to ensure energy credential, the primary energy source of the country oddly gas, coal and separate mineral resources have been taken into consideration.A ache with gas significant criteri on of condensate is recovered. Oil was notice in three locations but the quantity is not significant. The Division and its subordinate organizations/directorates/companies have been playing vital role to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To meet energy gather up at desired level, initiative has been taken to increase gas supply and its optimum utilization. The demand of imported oil is as well as increasing. Part of it is met by condensate (by product of gas). Recent gas crisis led to the policy makers to import LNG within a short period of time.Realistic policies for development of coal fields in northern part of the country are under process for national interest. As a part of governments plan to expand gas supply network, a new distribution outlet, titled, Sundarban Gas Company Limited has been formed for the south-western region of the country. For efficient marketing of gas in Chittagong region, Karnafully Gas Company Limited has been created and it has started distribution of gas. System redness in gas distribution, a major problem, has been tackled with notable success through management and monitoring.Initiative has to a fault been taken to shit up regional energy security based on mutual co-operation with the neighboring countries under SAARC umbrella. Natural Gas In Bangladesh, natural gas is near important indigenous source of energy that accounts for 75% of the commercial energy of the country. So far in Bangladesh 23 gas fields have been discovered with the rate of success ratio is 3. 11 of which two of the gas fields are located in offshore area. Gas is produced from 17 gas fields (79 gas wells). Oil was time-tested in two of the gas fields (Sylhet and Kailashtila).To trim down the habituation on natural gas, alternative energy resource must be explored. Average periodic gas production capacity is about 2000 mmcfd of which International Oil Companies (IOC) produce 1040 mmcfd and State Owned Companies (SOC) produ ce 960 mmcfd. The gas production recorded on 24 February, 2010 was 1996. 7 MMCFD. At present the daily approximate projected gas demand throughout the country is 2500 MMCFD. The demand is increasing day by day. Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) has already undertaken an array of short, medium, fast track and long term plans to increase gas production to overcome prevailing gas shortage.According to this plan 188 mmcfd, 290 mmcfd, 995 mmcfd (including 500 mmcfd LNG), 500 mmcfd and 380 mmcfd gas will be added to the national gas grid by the year 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 respectively. After completion of these plans production capacity is anticipate to increase to about 2353 mmcfd gas by December 2015. To increase the gas production more programs will be taken in near future. Petroleum Product To meet total demand of commercial energy, Bangladesh imports annually about 1. 3 million metric haemorrhoid of crude oil. In addition to this, other 2. million metric Tons ( approx) of refined petroleum products per annum is imported. Condensate is mixed with crude oil. Major consumer of liquid fuel is transport sector followed by agriculture, industry and commercial sector which is mostly met by imported liquid fuel. Eastern Refinery Limited (ERL), a subsidiary company of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), is capable of bear upon 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil per year. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) To reduce the colony on imported fuel significantly, to reduce environment pollution and to save distant currency, the use of CNG vehicles was introduced in 1997.Number of CNG refueling Station is 565 and 162 conversion workshops have already been set-up in the country. Total number of CNG converted vehicles is 150249. In addition to that 42549 CNG vehicles was imported. Total number of CNG vehicles is 192798 as of May, 2010. Average CNG usage (approx. ) is 102 MMCF per day. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) The area where access to gas pipeline i s onerous and expensive but there is a demand of gas in this case gas in the form of LPG can be utilize. To reduce the dependency on imported oil and thus to save foreign currency, the use of LPG has to be fashionableized.Currently the supply of LPG of the country is 95,500 system of measurement Ton of which production in public Sector is 22,500 Metric Ton while Production in Private Sector is 73,000 Metric Ton. The Possible demand of LPG in the country is 2,00,000 M. Ton. To popularize the use of LPG the present government has reduced tax rate on some appliances such as Pressure governor/Valve, Safety/ Relief valve and Submerged join Flux including bottling of LPG. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) To reduce the dependency on imported oil as well as indigenous gas, import of LNG is under active consideration.Under mid term plan, LNG will be imported to supply at the rate of 500 mmcfd by 2012. The site for building necessary al-Qaeda for LNG has been located. Bangladesh has to set up necessary infrastructure such as LNG Receiving Station, LNG Storage Tank, Re-gasification process and 90 km long pipeline from Maheshkhali to Anwara in its own effort. A MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to be signed between Bangladesh and Qatar, which is under process. Coal Besides natural gas, Bangladesh has significant coal reserve. Coal reserves of about 3. billion tons comprising 5 deposits at depths of 118-1158 meters have been discovered so far in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The name of these deposits are-Barapukuria, Phulbari and Dighipara coal field in Dinajpur district, Khalashpir in Rangpur district and Jamalganj in Joypurhat district. Out of which 4 deposits (118-509 meters) are extractable at present. As an alternative fuel to natural gas, coal can be extensively utilise. The depth of Jamalganj coal deposit is 640-1158 meter with 1053 Million Tones in-situ coal reserve where production may not be practicable by present days technology due to the depth of the deposits.Possibilities of extraction of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) need to be explored from this coal deposits. Government is actively reviewing law to be applicable for Exploration and Production of Coal Bed Methane. So far, only Barapukuria coal field is under production. Other Mineral Resources visible(prenominal) in Bangladesh Besides indigenous energy resources, Bangladesh has other mineral resources. Various organizations under Energy and Mineral Resources Division are engaged to explore for mineral resources. In case of commercial discovery, foreign company can apply for production license.White Clay occurs in Sherpur, Netrokona, Dinajpur and Chittagong district and so forth White Clay is apply to make crockerys, sanitary materials, dielectric and tiles . It is also utilise in Paper,cement and sugar industries. Glass keystone occurs in Sherpur, Habiganj, Comilla and Dinajpur district etc. Glass sand is used to make crockerys, lenses, candy sheet of windows and doors. It is also used to make quartz clock, frame of boat and aero plane, foam glass and in different electronic equipments etc. Silicon chips are also made from silica, which is a main ingredient of glass.Limestone occurs in Sunamgonj and Joypurhat district and St. Martins Islands. Limestone is used to make fluxing lime and cement and in paper, Ispat, sugar, glass industry. It is also used to decorate the building. Ilmenite,Garnet, zirconium silicate,Kyanite,Magnetite,Rutile,Leucoxine,Monazite,etc are found in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf Beach, Kuakata Beach , Moheshkhali, Nijhum dwip, Kutubdia and Monpura Island. Ilmenite, Rutile and Leucoxine are used to make slag and in conjoin and in melting of metal. They are used as a dyeing subject and Refractory Brick.Ilmenite is used to make sand blasting and heavy the Great Compromiser as an alternative to Barite in drilling activities. Titanium metal, which is derived from this mineral, is used to make frame of aeroplane, missile, and in chemical substance reaction and salt removal process. Zircon is used to make foundry sand, Refractory brick and as a dyeing substance. Zirconium is used as a radioactive substance. Monazite is used to make catalyst, boob tube tube, refractory substance, thermal insulator substance and in computer disk and line printer.Peat occurs in Gopalganj, Madaripur, Khulna, Sylhet and Sunamganj district etc. It is used as an alternative fuel to household work, in brick and lime industries and in thermal power bring. Hard Rock occurs at Maddyapara in Dinajpur district. It is used in regulator dam, river training, and river bank erosion. It is also used as construction material and as mosaic stone. Gravel Deposit occurs in Lalmonirhat, Panchagar, Sylhet district, Greater Chittagong and Chittagong hillock Tracts. It is used to construct buildings, road, railway, bridge and in river training and flood control.Renewable Energy Sources in Bangladesh Renewable Energy Sources may also be helpful in the achie vement of the MDGs, as well as in tackling the challenges of energy security especially for developing countries and global climate changes. The renewable energy sources include biomass (combustible renewable and waste), hydropower, solar, wind, ocean, and geothermal energy. Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy source due to its extensive noncommercial use (mainly for cooking and heating) in developing countries like Bangladesh.The share of other forms of renewable sources is minimal. Possibility of installing mini and micro level hydro-electric power plant in the hilly areas of Bangladesh would be explored. Windmills are with capacity of 2 MW in operation in the beal area of Bangladesh. Biogas Biogas may be the most promising renewable energy resource. Presently there are about 50,000 households and village-level biogas plants in place throughout the country. There is a huge potential for expansion in rural areas. Solar Energy Potential of solar energy is cracking in Bangladesh.But due to its higher cost of equipment it has to go a long way to become commercially viable. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh it is gradually becoming popular and government has undertaken lot of scheme to subsidize on it. Presently there are about 2, 64,000 solar panels installed throughout the country. Bio-diesel Bio-diesel may also be one of the promising sources of energy. Though Bangladesh is a thick populated country with 150 million people just in 147,570 Sq. Km areas, except the hilly areas, most of the areas are covered with fertile land that producing high yielding crop.Diesel from Jatropha plant may be a source of renewable energy in our country. Jatropha trees can be put in both the sides of rail way tracks & high ways, marshy land & costal belt of the country. These Jatropha plant can also be used for coastal protection. Gasohol Gasohol is being intermix with octane/petrol in many countries. Project in private sector is being undertaken to produc e Gasohol from molasses used to be blended with octane/petrol. The molasses is a by-product of sugar industries.Gas Crisis in BangladeshNatural gas in Bangladesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (April 2012) This article is written like a personal reflection or essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. (April 2012) This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedias quality standards. April 2012) The presence of Natural Gas in Bangladesh has been established through exploration by Bangladeshs public energy company, Petrobangla, and more recently international oil and gas companies (IOCs) have established the existence of a significant energy source. Contents hide 1 Estimated reserves 2 The domestic natural gas indu stry 3 References 4 External links editEstimated reserves In recent years, several trillion cubic feet (TCF) of natural gas have been added to the confirmed 10. 5 TCF known as of 1996.Due to the fact that there has been comparatively little exploration to date, estimates of the total extractable natural gas resource in Bangladesh are uncertain and vary widely. An estimate of 20 TCF is gaining acceptance among experts, but some argue that experiences in comparable basins elsewhere in the world suggest that the ultimate recoverable resource could be as high as 50 TCF or even 100 TCF. At the current rate of natural gas use in Bangladesh (1000 mmcfd), the current estimated proven reserves would last 45 years.Even if the present rate of use increases at 10 per cent per year, these reserves would last about 17 years. A reserve-production Reserves-to-production ratio of 17 is higher than that for most industrial countries heavily dependent on natural gas, examples beingNorway, Canada, U. S . , and U. K. Here only the R/P ratio of gas is being considered for comparison. Relative to Bangladesh, these industrial countries have more diverse indigenous energy sources such as coal, oil and nuclear. The U. S. still uses coal to produce more than half its electricity.There are huge resources of gas in Bangladesh. Places where gas is commercially refines include Titas, Habiganj, Bakhrabad, Narshingdi, Meghna, Sylhet, Kailashtilla, Rashidpur, Beanibazar,Fenchuganj and Salda Nadi. In 2001, Petrobangla Director Major Raihanul Abedin initiated the national plan to decrease the use of using liquid fuels, by introducing natural gas conversion. He thought if cars could be converted to use cooking gas instead of rather harmful fuels, the carbon emission would decrease exponentially. He was given the permission by the Prime Minister Khaleda Zia to carry out his plans. 12 As a result, Asian Development Bank funded his scheme and today more than 80% of Bangladeshi vehicles are run on gas which has lessened pollution significantly. 3 editThe domestic natural gas industry Petrobangla (Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation), a 100 per cent state owned corporation, has the primary responsibility for the natural gas industry in Bangladesh. Petrobangla is under the direction of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources it comprises several groups of companies ? An exploration company Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Company ?Production companies Bangladesh Gas Fields Company and Sylhet Gas Fields Company ? Transmission and distribution companies ?Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company ?Bakhrabad Gas System ?Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System ?Western Zone Gas Supply Co. (Poschim Anchal Gas Bitaran Company, WESGAS, a new company for distribution of gas in the western part of Bangladesh) ? A compressed natural gas company Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company Leading Private Companies Involved in Natural Gas Industry ?Libra Enterprise (www. libraenterprise. om) ?Gasmin Limited ?Foundry Limited editReferences 1. M. Raihanul Abedin. Use of CNG as an Alternative Fuel for Transport-Air Pollution Control Perspective (2001) p. 49-54, International Seminar on Air Pollution in Dhaka City, October 30, 2001 France Bangladesh Association of Scholars and Trainees (FBAST). 2. Dhaka Clean Fuel Project Bangladesh at Asian Development Bank 3. Lisa Schroeder (March 25, 2009). Compressed natural gas clears the air in Bangladesh Cleaner-burning fuel is reducing dangerous levels of pollution and saving money, too. .The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2012-06-12. ?Natural Resources of Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural Gas Options for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural gas reserve estimates vary widely for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. Description Bangladesh has some oil reserves near Haripur in the eastern hilly district of Sylh et, but these have yet to be developed. The Haripur reserves are estimated at 40 Mbbl, and the total resource is likely to be much higher..The search of oil and gas in the area constituting Bangladesh began in the later part of the 19th century through some isolated geological mapping. The first serious attempt to find oil and gas was undertaken in Sitakund in 1908 by the Indian Petroleum Prospecting Company. During 1923-31 Burmah Oil Company (BOC) drilled two shallow wells in Patharia. The wells were abandoned though there was a reported occurrence of oil. A total of 6 exploratory wells were drilled, the deepest being 1047 meters. There was however no discovery and the Second World War disrupted further activity.After the liberation of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) was formed, while the Bangladesh Petroleum Act was enacted in 1974. The offshore area of Bangladesh was divided in to 6 blocks, which were taken up by Ashland, ARCO, BODC (Japex), Union Oil, Canadian Superior Oil and Ina Naftaplin under production sharing contract. These companies 7 offshore wells resulted in the discovery of Kutubdia offshore gas field. According to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Bangladesh had 2007 proved natural gas reserves of 0. 39 trillion cubic metres, 0. 1% of the world total, and 2007 natural gas production of 16. 27 billion cubic metres, 0. 55% of the world total. The 1980s saw accelerated exploration activities by Petrobangla, which drilled 12 exploration wells and discovered 7 gas fields. Among these the Fenchuganj well remains the deepest drilled well in Bangladesh (4977m). Meanwhile a new milestone was achieved when Petrobangla discovered the first commercial oil pool in Sylhet on December 23, 1986. Since 1972 more than 32 exploratory wells have been drilled by the national and international companies which resulted in the discovery of 13 gas fields.Since the first exploration well was drilled in 1908 a total of 128 well s were drilled in Bangladesh until 2001, of which 63 are exploration wells. Of the exploration wells, 13 are in the offshore resulting in two discoveries and the rest 52 are on shore with 20 discoveries. In 1993, following the formation of a new National Energy policy, the government of Bangladesh divided its territory and offshore sites into 23 blocks and opened them to foreign bidding for oil and gas exploration. Eight blocks were awarded to four companies during the First Bidding Round in 1993, and four additional blocks were awarded in the 1997 Second Bidding Round.Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) Energy is the key ingredient for socio-economic development of a country. Economic Development depends on reliable energy supply. To increase efficiency of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, it was divided into two divisions, vide Cabinet Division Notification No. CD-4/1/94-Rules/23(100), dated 25 March 1998, namely Energy and Mineral Resources Division (E MRD) and Power Division. Energy and Mineral Resources Division is entrusted to formulate all policies related to natural gas, liquid petroleum and mineral resources.EMRD is also entrusted to formulate policies and administrative control over Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, Bureau of Mineral Development and Department of Explosives. EMRD also supervises and monitors over Hydrocarbon Unit and Bangladesh Petroleum Institute. To achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to alleviate poverty in line with vision 2021, Bangladesh has to meet increasing energy demand. In order to ensure energy security, the primary energy source of the country especially gas, coal and other mineral resources have been taken into consideration.Along with gas significant quantity of condensate is recovered. Oil was discovered in three locations but the quantity is not significant. The Division and its subordinate organizations/directorates/companies have been playing vital role to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To meet energy demand at desired level, initiative has been taken to increase gas supply and its optimum utilization. The demand of imported oil is also increasing. Part of it is met by condensate (by product of gas). Recent gas crisis led to the policy makers to import LNG within a short period of time.Realistic policies for development of coal fields in northern part of the country are under process for national interest. As a part of governments plan to expand gas supply network, a new distribution outlet, titled, Sundarban Gas Company Limited has been formed for the south-western region of the country. For efficient marketing of gas in Chittagong region, Karnafully Gas Company Limited has been created and it has started distribution of gas. System loss in gas distribution, a major problem, has been tackled with notable success through management and monitoring.Initiative has also been taken to build up regional energy security b ased on mutual co-operation with the neighboring countries under SAARC umbrella. Natural Gas In Bangladesh, natural gas is most important indigenous source of energy that accounts for 75% of the commercial energy of the country. So far in Bangladesh 23 gas fields have been discovered with the rate of success ratio is 3. 11 of which two of the gas fields are located in offshore area. Gas is produced from 17 gas fields (79 gas wells). Oil was tested in two of the gas fields (Sylhet and Kailashtila).To reduce the dependency on natural gas, alternative energy resource must be explored. Average daily gas production capacity is about 2000 mmcfd of which International Oil Companies (IOC) produce 1040 mmcfd and State Owned Companies (SOC) produce 960 mmcfd. The gas production recorded on 24 February, 2010 was 1996. 7 MMCFD. At present the daily approximate projected gas demand throughout the country is 2500 MMCFD. The demand is increasing day by day. Energy and Mineral Resources Division (E MRD) has already undertaken an array of short, medium, fast track and long term plans to increase gas production to overcome prevailing gas shortage.According to this plan 188 mmcfd, 290 mmcfd, 995 mmcfd (including 500 mmcfd LNG), 500 mmcfd and 380 mmcfd gas will be added to the national gas grid by the year 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 respectively. After completion of these plans production capacity is expected to increase to about 2353 mmcfd gas by December 2015. To increase the gas production more programs will be taken in near future. Petroleum Product To meet total demand of commercial energy, Bangladesh imports annually about 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil. In addition to this, another 2. million metric Tons (approx) of refined petroleum products per annum is imported. Condensate is mixed with crude oil. Major consumer of liquid fuel is transport sector followed by agriculture, industry and commercial sector which is mostly met by imported liquid fuel. Eastern Refin ery Limited (ERL), a subsidiary company of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), is capable of processing 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil per year. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) To reduce the dependency on imported fuel significantly, to reduce environment pollution and to save foreign currency, the use of CNG vehicles was introduced in 1997.Number of CNG refueling Station is 565 and 162 conversion workshops have already been set-up in the country. Total number of CNG converted vehicles is 150249. In addition to that 42549 CNG vehicles was imported. Total number of CNG vehicles is 192798 as of May, 2010. Average CNG usage (approx. ) is 102 MMCF per day. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) The area where access to gas pipeline is difficult and expensive but there is a demand of gas in this case gas in the form of LPG can be used. To reduce the dependency on imported oil and thus to save foreign currency, the use of LPG has to be popularized.Currently the supply of LPG of the country is 95,500 Metric Ton of which production in Public Sector is 22,500 Metric Ton while Production in Private Sector is 73,000 Metric Ton. The Possible demand of LPG in the country is 2,00,000 M. Ton. To popularize the use of LPG the present government has reduced tax rate on some appliances such as Pressure Regulator/Valve, Safety/ Relief valve and Submerged Welding Flux including bottling of LPG. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) To reduce the dependency on imported oil as well as indigenous gas, import of LNG is under active consideration.Under mid term plan, LNG will be imported to supply at the rate of 500 mmcfd by 2012. The site for building necessary infrastructure for LNG has been located. Bangladesh has to set up necessary infrastructure such as LNG Receiving Station, LNG Storage Tank, Re-gasification process and 90 km long pipeline from Maheshkhali to Anwara in its own effort. A MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to be signed between Bangladesh and Qatar, which is under process. Co al Besides natural gas, Bangladesh has significant coal reserve. Coal reserves of about 3. billion tons comprising 5 deposits at depths of 118-1158 meters have been discovered so far in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The name of these deposits are-Barapukuria, Phulbari and Dighipara coal field in Dinajpur district, Khalashpir in Rangpur district and Jamalganj in Joypurhat district. Out of which 4 deposits (118-509 meters) are extractable at present. As an alternative fuel to natural gas, coal can be extensively used. The depth of Jamalganj coal deposit is 640-1158 meter with 1053 Million Tones in-situ coal reserve where production may not be viable by present days technology due to the depth of the deposits.Possibilities of extraction of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) need to be explored from this coal deposits. Government is actively reviewing law to be applicable for Exploration and Production of Coal Bed Methane. So far, only Barapukuria coal field is under production. Other Miner al Resources available in Bangladesh Besides indigenous energy resources, Bangladesh has other mineral resources. Various organizations under Energy and Mineral Resources Division are engaged to explore for mineral resources. In case of commercial discovery, foreign company can apply for production license.White Clay occurs in Sherpur, Netrokona, Dinajpur and Chittagong district etc. White Clay is used to make crockerys, sanitary materials, insulator and tiles . It is also used in Paper,cement and sugar industries. Glass sand occurs in Sherpur, Habiganj, Comilla and Dinajpur district etc. Glass sand is used to make crockerys, lenses, glass sheet of windows and doors. It is also used to make quartz clock, frame of boat and aero plane, foam glass and in various electronic equipments etc. Silicon chips are also made from silica, which is a main ingredient of glass.Limestone occurs in Sunamgonj and Joypurhat district and St. Martins Islands. Limestone is used to make lime and cement and in paper, Ispat, sugar, glass industry. It is also used to decorate the building. Ilmenite,Garnet,Zircon,Kyanite,Magnetite,Rutile,Leucoxine,Monazite,etc are found in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf Beach, Kuakata Beach , Moheshkhali, Nijhum dwip, Kutubdia and Monpura Island. Ilmenite, Rutile and Leucoxine are used to make slag and in welding and in melting of metal. They are used as a dyeing subject and Refractory Brick.Ilmenite is used to make sand blasting and heavy mud as an alternative to Barite in drilling activities. Titanium metal, which is derived from this mineral, is used to make frame of aeroplane, missile, and in chemical reaction and salt removal process. Zircon is used to make foundry sand, Refractory brick and as a dyeing substance. Zirconium is used as a radioactive substance. Monazite is used to make catalyst, television tube, refractory substance, thermal insulator substance and in computer disk and line printer.Peat occurs in Gopalganj, Madaripur, Khulna, Sylhet and Sunamg anj district etc. It is used as an alternative fuel to household work, in brick and lime industries and in thermal power plant. Hard Rock occurs at Maddyapara in Dinajpur district. It is used in regulator dam, river training, and river bank erosion. It is also used as construction material and as mosaic stone. Gravel Deposit occurs in Lalmonirhat, Panchagar, Sylhet district, Greater Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is used to construct buildings, road, railway, bridge and in river training and flood control.Renewable Energy Sources in Bangladesh Renewable Energy Sources may also be helpful in the achievement of the MDGs, as well as in tackling the challenges of energy security especially for developing countries and global climate changes. The renewable energy sources include biomass (combustible renewable and waste), hydropower, solar, wind, ocean, and geothermal energy. Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy source due to its extensive noncommercial use (mainly for cooking and heating) in developing countries like Bangladesh.The share of other forms of renewable sources is minimal. Possibility of installing mini and micro level hydro-electric power plant in the hilly areas of Bangladesh would be explored. Windmills are with capacity of 2 MW in operation in the costal area of Bangladesh. Biogas Biogas may be the most promising renewable energy resource. Presently there are about 50,000 households and village-level biogas plants in place throughout the country. There is a huge potential for expansion in rural areas. Solar Energy Potential of solar energy is good in Bangladesh.But due to its higher cost of equipment it has to go a long way to become commercially viable. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh it is gradually becoming popular and government has undertaken lot of scheme to subsidize on it. Presently there are about 2, 64,000 solar panels installed throughout the country. Bio-diesel Bio-diesel may also be one of the promising so urces of energy. Though Bangladesh is a densely populated country with 150 million people just in 147,570 Sq. Km areas, except the hilly areas, most of the areas are covered with fertile land that producing high yielding crop.Diesel from Jatropha plant may be a source of renewable energy in our country. Jatropha trees can be planted in both the sides of rail way tracks & high ways, marshy land & costal belt of the country. These Jatropha plant can also be used for coastal protection. Gasohol Gasohol is being blended with octane/petrol in many countries. Project in private sector is being undertaken to produce Gasohol from molasses used to be blended with octane/petrol. The molasses is a by-product of sugar industries.

Désirée’s Baby by Kate Chopin in 1892 Essay

The text Dsires Baby is written by Kate Chopin in 1892. The story takes role in Louisiana before the American Civil War, on two plantations, one called Valmond and another called LAbri. The story is told in omniscient third-persons point of view, kernel that the narrator not only describes what happens, but also reveals the thoughts of the characters from time to time. You can see an example here When the baby was about three months old, Dsire awoke one daylight to the conviction that there was something in the air menacing her peace. The language is of an old kind, but that just contributes in giving the story meaning, because it puts you into the time, in which the story takes place. The story starts with Madame Valmond, who is going to visit her daughter, Dsire, because she has given birth to a baby boy. On her way over, Valmond thinks about the time she found Dsire all alone, when she was just a little baby.Valmonde arrives at her daughters house called LAbri, which is owned b y Dsires husband Arband Aubigny. When she sees her grandchild, she notices something divers(prenominal) with him. Valmond leaves once again and 3 month later, Dsire is still at LAbri with her child. Armand, who had been so winning towards her, has become really cold and do not want to speak to his wife Armand, she called to him, in a voice which must have stabbed him, if he was human. But he did not notice. Armand, she said again. (s. 4) She knows something has changed. One day her baby is lying on the bed, and one of the slaves on the farm is fanning the child with a fan, here she finds out what is wrong She looked from her child to the boy who stood beside him, and back again over and over. Ah It was a cry that she could not help which she was not conscious of having uttered. The blood turned like ice in her veins, and a clammy moisture gathered upon her face. (s. 4) This is the climax of the story.She now realizes that Armand thinks she is black, which was something he saw as a bad race, and did not tolerate it. She gets really sad, Dsire confronts her husband, and he confirms what she thought. She writes to her mother about her concerns. Madame Valmond writes back, that she and the baby should come home to them. When she shows the letter to Armand, he just makes her leave. He does this because he is mad at her, for putting him in such a situation Moreover he no longer love her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and his name. He is too proud of his old family tree and their values, so he could never be with someone who descended from slaves. He chooses tradition over love right there. Dsire begs him, but ends up leaving LAbri and going to her parents farm Vermond, with her baby.At the end Armand finds a letter his mother has written to her father, in which it says She was thanking God for the blessing of her husbands love- But, to a higher place all, she wrote, night and day, I thank the good God for having so arranged our lives that our dear Armand will never know this his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery. This is when the unanticipated element occurs. Armand, who as most rich people at that time, bases his worth of a person primarily on his or hers race. He has stopped loving his wife, just based on genetics, because he believes it did not suit his familys heritage.It is now clear, that the ones Armand felt he ashamed by having Dsire as a wife, his own parents, actually knew Armand was black, but they still loved him just as much. Armand has just thrown his wife away just based on something, which actually was his fault. The themes in this story are Racism, which was a really big problem at that time. It is also judging by appearances, which Armand does. When he met Desiree, he loved her outer beauty and her good family name. When he comes to think she is black, he just rejects his wife and his child, only judged by their skin. Another theme coul d be that love is colorblind, which is something two Armands and Dsires parents know, because even though they know that their children could be colored, they do not care. Dsire do not repudiate her son, so she has the same opinion.

History of the Democratic Party Essay

The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States. When this society makes political decisions, the Democratic Party followed a very liberal viewpoint. The Democratic Party is one of the oldest official political parties in the world and it is the oldest official political party in the United States. In 1792, Thomas Jefferson started the Democratic Party to oppose the Federalist Party to fight for the Bill of Rights. The Democratic Party was called the party of the rough-cut man.It was probably called this because it supported the normal citizens, like farmers and middle class people. Thomas Jefferson was elected as the first president from the Democratic Party in 1800. Jefferson served as president for two terms for the Democratic Party. Following this, in 1848, the Democratic National perpetration was formed by the National Convention. The Democratic National Committee exists, making it the longest standing political organization ever.The Democr atic Party is recognized with serving the lower and middle classes by funding government programs such as Welfare and free or low cost medical insurance. This is an opposite belief of the Republican Party who believes in that no one should type a tax increase, especially the rich. Democratic parties typically rule large states such as New York and California. Since these are two states with a high form of electoral votes, the Democratic Party has an advantage in presidential elections, although despite that support, there have still been many Republican presidents voted into office.

Be My Brother

Belonging and alienation is the process of being either excluded or accepted by the society in which you live. Belong is a human conception,mostly considered a fundamental human need and a source of survival, safety, protection and happiness. To belong is usually considered positive and essential for a successful beinghowever a negative sense of belongingfound among the displaced, marginalised and uncared for finish lead to many social, filial and personal problems that can be almost insurmountable for the individual.The short trop fest movie house Be My Brother by Genevieve Clay 2009, represents these ideas by the films central graphic symbols. The film deals with society and mint with disabilities feeling displaced within society due(p) to prejudices. It also dis gyps the nonions of disconnection and isolation within the family home of the main character and his brother. The viewer here develops a strong connection to the idea of alienation and not belonging. The short fil m Be My Brother explores the concept of isolation through disabilities.Richard the protagonist is born with a disability and is isolated from society. Richard feels as though he doesnt exist around his brother Damien. As the film progresses, Richard the protagonist meets a girl names Amanda and she neglects him at first, though she discovers another side to him, and so form a relationship with him. Social acceptance is the process of affiliation with society, but within the film Be My Brother it begins with the exclusion of the main character that has a disability. This is evident when Richard meets Amanda for the first time.As she sees Richard approaching, she immediately moves towards the edge of the seat. The wide shot used in this scene indicates Amandas discomfort, where it demonstrates her fear towards people who are physically different. Furthermore, as Richard offers his hand to Amanda for a handshake, she quickly touches his hand, and faces the other way. The close up shot within this scene reveals Amandas disgust towards Richard through hand gestures, where it emphasies her cruelty and superiority towards him.Clothing in this segment plays a crucial role. Amanda is wearing unrelenting clothing, which portrays her social standing, which represents class, elegance, and wealth, whereas Richard is wearing brown clothing, expressing dull, inferior and being slight important. The full shot used demonstrates the relationships amidst characters, and where they stand in society. In addition, social acceptance can be displayed within the family. Richard feels displaced around his brother Damien.This is exemplified in the scene where Damien wearing a black hoodie with his hood up, incorporated with the wide shot depicts resentment and exclusion, where Damien feels embarrassed about his brother because he has a disability. The black hoodie symbolises something evil and depressed which contributes to the isolation Richard is experiencing. As Richard passes his hand with the audio recorder to Damien, Damien promptly tries to avoid Richard by moving his head. The close up shot allows the auditory modality to see Damiens facial expression conveying Damiens arrogance towards Richard.Social acceptance is the key concept within the film Be My Brother, where cameral angles and clothing play a crucial role in revealing the idea of feeling accepted and to belong within society. Disconnection and isolation is portrayed throughout the film between Richard and his brother. The negative sense of belonging, where someone feels isolated found among the marginalised and uncared for can lead to anger and disappointment. The ideas of isolation can be seen at the beginning of the film. The extreme long shot at the beginning of the film reflects the setting, as Richard is disconnected from society.The blur of the background enhances Richards loneliness and societies prejudice against people with disabilities. Furthermore, the aspect of displacement can be manifested in the segment where Damien is sitting by himself at the carriage stop and Richard is standing up, expressing his point. The major quote Richard plays in his audio recording I am what I am, I cant change that, my brother doesnt seem to down the stairsstand, he seems like he doesnt want to be near me, I seem to always embarrass him and I dont like to be ignored shows evidence of self-expression where Richard seeks to be accepted by his brother and society. Anger and disappointment emerges within the audio recording which shows Richards frustration towards his brother, creating tension and indicating family breakdown.However, Damien experiences a change of heart when he is unable to pay his bus topology fare. Richard steps in and pays the driver. The long shot used in this scene culminates Damiens feelings towards his brother, creating a journey as he walks down the narrow bus path towards his brother and he is thinking and taking into account what his brother did for i m and how he has treated his brother. The notions of anger, resentment and embarrassment slowly fade away as he takes off his hoodie and Richard hugs him. This important factor leads to acceptance with his brother and the formation of a positive family relationship. Disconnection and isolation is portrayed throughout the film between Richard and his brother, although it diminishes when Damien comes to the realisation that he is taking his brother for granted and thus the film shapes our understanding of belong and alienation.Ultimately the short film Be My Brother has further unquestionable the understanding of belonging and alienation. Details of the social acceptance, disconnection and isolation portrayed throughout the film between Richard and his Brother, all expose belonging and alienation as a human conception whereby to belong is usually considered positive and to not belong leads to marginalisation. The feeling of belonging means acceptance however if someone is under the t hreat of not belonging the feelings of isolation, anger and disappointment emerge.

Discuss Both the Negative and Positive

Sla truly ended in 1838. One of the biggest negatives of such a organization was racism which was found in every Caribbean society. British officials believed that people of Africans descent were inferior and what was worse perhaps these racist attitudes were aft(prenominal) internalized by Black and dark-brown people that is some Africans themselves became convinced that they were inferior to Europeans. With Emancipation in 1838 slaves became free to choose the nature of their future existence. A fundamental development during the post- emancipation effect was the exodus of ex slaves from the estates mostly to set themselves up as nestling proprietors.The movement created a labor short come on which threatened the imminent collapse of the carbohydrate industry. To avoid ruin, planters sought to introduce immigrant force party from Europe. , Africa and Asian and to effect certain technical improvements to reduce the cost of production. There were two groups that came to the Ca ribbean from the 1930s onwards who did non have much difficulty into the existing society . They were the free African immigrants and Portuguese from Madeira. By far the largest group of new arrivals , however were the Indians.Like the Portuguese they came as indentured workers to work in the sugar woodlets. They soon became part of the populations of Trinidad, Guyana, Jamaica, Grenada and St. Vincent. Because of their large numbers, bringing with them godlinesss, languages and cultural practices quite different from any found in the Caribbean , they enriched only greatly complicated the society. They were uncomplete black or neat , they were not Christians and they had their own ancient culture Two other much smaller groups of immigrants were the Chinese and the Syrian/ Lebanese. Like the Indians they brought their own language and culture.The scratch group of Indian immigrants arrived in Guyana in May 1838 on board the ships Whitby and Hesperus. They were distributed among s ix(6) sugar estates to labour below cut down for five (5) years and though their treatment were satisfactory on three (3) of the estates on the others on that point was ill treatment , sickness and morality. The suspicions of the anti bondage society were immediately aroused and it secured appointment of a local Commission to investigate immigrant conditions. The enquiry led to the suspension of in-migration from India for an indefinite period.Regular Indian immigration was reopened in 1844 and in the following year two (2) shiploads reached Guyana , one shipload each went to Trinidad and Jamaica. The performance of these labourers exceeded expectations and in 1846 Jamaica requested an additional five thousand ( 5000), Trinidad quartet hundred (400) and Guyana ten thousand ( 10000). Indian immigration to the West Indies ceased in 1917 and until that time a total of 429,623 immigrant had entered . Many of the Indians who remained in the West Indies continued to domiciliate on and to work for the estates.A much smaller number worked as peasant proprietors , some cultivated their lands in sugar cane, rice, ground provisions and fruits. These Indians were able to give a greater economic standing and societal mobility then those who remained in the estates. By definition immigrant labor was not slavery because it was entered into voluntarily. The contract gave rights to the immigrant who was paid for his labour . There was a fixed limit to the period of indentured and when it was over the immigrant was free. However, in practice immigrant labor schemes were slavery under a different name.Although the emmigrants from India entered into the contract voluntarily, they were often deceived about the conditions they were agreeing to. In the West Indian colonies , conditions similar to those in the days of slavery still existed . They were confined to their estates. Free Indians found it advisable to rock certificates of exemption from labor which allowed them free movement. Indentured laborers could be fired if found off their estates. Immigrant laborers were deprived of women. The root of the problem lay in India, where women were not liberate because of the religious and social systems.The proportion of Indian women imported was only 3 per 100 men before the mid 1840s 32 per 100 by 1870 and a legal minimum of 40 per 100 thereafter. Up to 1870 immigrants had to had been denied the chance to lead normal family lives. In cases where Indian immigrants were married their wives were sometimes taken forward to be the mistress of the plantation owners as in the days of slavery. Immigrants were also subject to arbitrary treatment by their employers . This sometimes involved flogging and bondage and the immigrant dared not complain.From 1906 to 1907 nearly 40 % of the immigrant laborers in Guyana received summons for breach of the labor laws. Between 1838 and the 1930s wealth was mainly in the hands of very small groups in society . Nearly a ll of it belonged to the white upper class though by the 1930s a significant number of drear or black or Indian businessmen and farmers had acquired money and property. As planters and businessmen whites continued to be the major group of employers in the Caribbean. The worst white employers treated their workers with contempt but the better ones showed concern for their laborers welfare.For workaday people life was always a hard struggle. Between 1838 till 1920s the majority of the people worked for the plantations. Either as full time workers or as casual , irregular laborers during the harvest time and other busy periods. Wages for plantation workers were very low . Things had not changed much till the 1920s. To escape low wages and seasonal employment on the estates as well as need on small peasant plots, thousands of West Indians left the countryside and drifted into the towns . Another way of escaping poverty and unemployment was to emigrate.Between 1839-1921 and even late r thousands of West Indians left their colony , perhaps to farewell the Caribbean altogether in order to find work. This was because emigration was the only alternative to get away from poverty and not because they wanted to leave their home. In Trinidad the Indian sugar workers who lived mostly in the central and south parts of the island were in an especially desperate condition by the 1838 till the 1930s. Most of the West Indians lacked an qualified diet. Although actual starvation was rare the diet was unbalanced.Malnutrition affected babies and children especially . Working mothers had little chance to breast feed after the first base few weeks. In turn this caused a very high rate of infant and child death. Around 1889 nearly one half of all babies in Grenada died before their first birthday . Epidemics swept the region from time to time. Thousands died of cholera between 1850-1854. To make matter worse medical care was not available to most ordinary people in this period. In Guyana out of 7324 deaths in 1871, 3378 took place without the dying person getting any medical care at all.In Jamaica by 1898 there was only one doctor from every 19,400 Jamaicans. The woman of the peasant and laboring classes was a sturdy independent person. She worked long hours in the fields. The women both black and Indian , who worked on the estates earned their own wages and could support themselves and their children if necessary. Despite poverty and the struggle to survive and bringing up children the strength and self reliance of the women were serious aspects of family and social life. Going to school was part of normal life for most children from 1838.But a very large number did not go to school at all. In Guyana and Trinidad Indian children presented special problems . Far fewer of them attended school compared with Black children. Since Indians formed the main part of the sugar industrys labour force in these colonies both planters and colonial governments were rel uctant to spend money on educating their children. Even when in Trinidad after 1851 government ran school with no church service control or influence were set up Indian parents were still afraid that their children would be badly treated .There were also problems of language and cultural differences. As late as 1911, 97% of the Indian born children were illiterate. The Immigration of Portuguese, Chinese and East Indians to the West Indies introduced new elements of race and class into a society traditionally composed of people of European and African origin dependent for their social position on a combination of colour, wealth and education . The new immigrant groups were neither white nor black except possibly for the Portuguese and they held a balance between the two.One of the most important legacies of slavery was a three tier social structure. Society in 1839 was divided into three major classes . These were in descending order of power and status , the white the upper class, the colored black center field class and the black masses the former slaves. One of the most important variations in social structure in some colonies was the addition of a one-quarter group. In Trinidad and Guyana so many Indians settled that they came to form a large section of the population separated from the other three groups by culture , religion , race and legal restrictions.After 1838 there was a gradual increase in the size of the middle group as people from the Creole masses go into it. This process is known as social mobility. There were two main ways in which Blacks at the bottom of the society could move up . The first , through economic success either as an independent farmer or by practicing a skill eg. Carpantry, masonry or tailoring. The second , through education. The boilersuit Impact of Emancipation -Immigration undoubtedly helped to perpetuate the efficient use of labor. and in the first two or three decades immigration halted the economic decline of the colonies and brought them potent prosperity. -The importation of immigrants stimulated the expansion of social services , especially medical facilities which were applied first to the immigrants and then extended to the population at large. -The increase in population led to the development of a larger and more efficient police force. -Immigration swelled the ranks of shopkeepers and hucksters while many more engaged in peasant farming on land acquired by grant or purchase.In order to avoid repatriation and immigration expenses , planters and laborers made grants of land to the Indians in commutation of return passages. Indians in Guyana received free land grants of 32000 acres (1891-1912 ) ,Trinidad received 23,000 acres(1885-1895) and 31,766 acres (1902-1912) -The employment of immigrants in manual field labor opened up in a wider range of employment for resident Blacks as artisans , factory workers and policemen. -The growth of the rice industry in Guyana and Trinidad were due t o the Indians. To the Indians can also be attributed the introduction of age old traditional Indian skill in irrigation into the West Indies, both in rice production and sugar industries. The vast majority of East Indian immigrants were tied to plantation agriculture and continued to experience the low standard of living and destitution common to the West Indian working class generally. Nevertheless through industry and thrift some were able to acquire wealth which was used to educate their children in the professions of medicine, law, teaching and to become community leaders. The entry of the several(a) immigrant groups into the West Indies led to the emergence of a plural society where the races mixed but did not combine. Friction , both latent and ,manifest existed among the different occupation groups. manikin in February 1856, the notorious Angel Gabriel riots formed by the apocalyptic negro preacher James Orr, resulted in the widespread destruction of Portuguese shops in G uyana by negroes suffering from a sense of oppression and competition from the Portuguese businessmen.Among the field worker also some hostility did develop since immigration had a lean to lower wages. By and large, the governing class failed to develop measures to effect a harmonius integration of the races. Like the Negro creole population , the immigrants who remained in the West Indies after their indentureship , realized the value of wealth and education to give them a higher(prenominal) status and they sought to achieve these attributes whenever possible . In terms of wealth, the Portuguese and the Chinese were more successful they set themselves up as etty shopkeepers as soon as their indenture ended . Whenever their means allowed, the Chinese , Portuguese and East Indians secured higher education for their children. The negro population sought employment mainly in teaching and in the public service. By moving to the Caribbean , Indians on average increase their living stand ards considerably. Indian women living overseas did have fewer children than in India, but the death rate in the Caribbean except during the early years of immigration was also considerably low , resulting in a demographic growth rate higher than in India itself.Suicide , martial violence and return migration decreased overtime , while Indian ownership of land , savings and even physical stature increased . In reality the attraction of the earning potential of the Caribbean can be deduced from the massive influx of Asian migrants . They could have opted to go to other destinations. The Indian immigrants succeeded in transferring their two main religions, Hinduism and Islam ,to their new homes . By the 1850s temples and mosques were being strengthened in Trinidad and Guyana were people regularly prayed.The Hindu pundits and Moslem imams became very influential leaders of the Indian population in these countries, for religion was their main source of congratulate and unity, As a re sult Indian in these two territories showed great resistance to the Christian churches to convert them. the Canadian Presbyterians had the most success ,but most Indians held on to their faiths. Some did convert, partly to gain jobs or higher social status. The religious world of the Caribbean, already complex, was enriched by the faiths brought by the immigrants from Asia.

Social Network Brings Harm Than Good.Discuss

Social network start outs constipation than good. Discuss. In this technical decade, loving network has become an indispensable thing. No matter what we are doing, we will use it. A genial networking site can be defined as an online service. Social networking sites include Facebook, Friendster, Twitter. It allow us to have an account to meet new friends, entertainment and more thanover. Although there are a lot of advantages, but in my opinion, it brings more harm than good. Why am I saying that social network brings more harm than good?First and foremost, at social networking site, some people use assumed nurture to meet new friends. They a great deal use fake profile picture and personal information to maneuver others so that they could become more and more friends in social network sites. Besides, we ordinarily can get wind there are many advertisement of online business in every site. Some of them are with fake information are used to scam the ignorance people to buy their items. You will realise that already creation cheated by them after you bought their items or you wont even get your item after u make the payment.On the other hand, nowadays teenagers often like to post useless lieu on the social networking sites. They in like manner comment on unmeaning status. It is such a waste of time to comment on these status rather than doing something meaningful. Besides, some of them like to post status or picture to earn like to describe others how popular they are. Furthermore, some group will post picture or video with violence and porn which are not suitable for the young.Some website will pop out some picture with violence or pornography which is not for the youth, but for the adults as well. Other than that, some people also like to malignment other people by posting a status on these social networking sites. It often choose to unmeaning quarrel. There are some group with title like I hate XXXXX or Fxxk you XXXXX. These often begin with those unmeaning quarrel. In addition, addicted to entertainment also one of the harm from social network. Nowadays teenagers usually addicted in online games.These is also a reason why the statistic of reading in our country is decreasing. They usually use out their free time to play online games rather than study. Besides, some of them even top up cash to the game which they playing. These will lead them to stealing. They will steal they parent money to top up in this game when they dont have lavish of money to top up. Another stagecoach which is worth to mention, chat on social network not only will bring us good, it also will bring us harm.There are many chat system on social network include Facebook chat, Skype, YY, RC and many more. Chat system not just bring us conveniences. Undoubtedly, it also will bring us the lacking of ability to communicate with others. That is because that when you using these chat system, you have enough time to think of what are we going to reply. In conclusion, I agree that social network bring us a lot of conveniences, but it also bring us a lot of harm that we did not think of usually. So we should use it wisely so that we will not being controlled by social network.

Assess the Corporate Social Responsibility of Telecommunication Industries

nimble telecom industries in this country with time have increasingly played major roles in not only the lives of the people at heart the community in which they argon situated but also in the total sparing fountainhead being of the country as a whole through their brotherly office activities.The Mobile telecom labor in this country has increased tremendously at heart the yesteryear couple of years, and have increasingly played major roles in not only the lives of the people within the community in which they are situated but also in the total economic well being of the country as a whole through their sociable responsibility activities. The idea of societal Responsibility has developed differently around the world because of different histories, culture and institution. Steiner George 2000) In the past years, the multi-faceted problems do it almost impossible for indigenous industries to undertake social activities in developing countries. However, integrated social res ponsibility (CSR) research has blossomed in this new millennium. This is due to the increasing concern expressed by policy makers and individual bodies close collective social responsibility and the pressure exerted on organizations to demonstrate high ethical standards.This get off is very important because Ghana may need a new code of conduct, police forces and regulations and multi-stakeholder agreements and private spontaneous initiatives as new business concernes are beginning to emerge into our system. Telecommunication industry is a typical lawsuit of a fast developing industry within our system. It is therefore imperative that we acknowledge the signifi cannisterce of their incarnate contribution to the societies and the nation, for this foresight to be smart and articulate. 1. 2 BACKGROUND memoriseThe precise concept of CSR is understood in different ways, having different representations of the concept relatable to different paradigms and concerns. Aside all the differences pertaining to the nature and content of CSR, a good turn of the concepts includes human rights, environmental responsibility, diversity heed, sustainability, and philanthropy, meaning that it is a complex area with an interdisciplinary focus. It is generally concord that CSR involves corporations voluntarily exceeding their legal duties to take account of social, economic and environmental impacts of their operations.For example, the European Commission defines CSR as A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interactions with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis (European Multistakeholder Forum on CSR, 2004 3) embodied Social Responsibility also relates to those management philosophies, policies, procedure and act that have advancement of social welfare as one of their primary objectives (By Boone and Kurtz 1987) CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall p ositive impact on society.Its concern is related to veritable aspects of the companys operations such as the quality of their management both in legal injury of people and processes, and the nature of, and quantity of their impact on society in the various areas. The term CSR came in to common use in the early 1970s, after many multinational corporations were formed. The term stakeholder, meaning those on whom an organizations activities have an impact, was used to describe collective owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential disc by R Freeman in 1984. 2 ISO 26000 is the recognized international standard for CSR Public sector organizations. It is widely accepted that CSR adheres to similar principles but with no formal act of legislation. The UN has developed the Principles for Responsible Investment as guidelines for investing entities. Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility, corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, re sponsible business, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporate social performance,1 is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model.Ideally, CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure its support to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Consequently, business would embrace responsibility for the impact of its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Further more(prenominal), CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest by encouraging community harvest-time and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality.Essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the observation of a triple bottom line people, planet, profit. Stakeholders are taking an increasing interest in the bodily function of the company. Most look to the outer circle, that is, what the company has actually done, good or bad, in terms of its products and services, in terms of its impact on the environment and on local communities, or in how it treats and develops its workforce.Out of the various stakeholders, it is monetary analysts who are predominantly focused as well as past financial performance on quality of management as an indicator of likely future performance. Developed countries have worked out a way around ensuring that local and international businesses or companies make contributions towards community development. Sainsburys and Tesco for instance are typical examples of companies that have contributed towards every community they operate.The contrast however in Africa is that the key people within the community are just contented to accept a bottle of Scottish Whiskey or Schnapps or local spirit over a businessdeal. Ghana needs to get a grip of how best our law s would work for us if we involve businesses co-operation into helping with our community developments. Understanding how international law works and how it can be used to further both national and international CSR objectives. 1. 3 avowal OF THE PROBLEM The mobile telecommunication industry in this country has increased tremendously and continuously growing at a very high speed over the past ten years.The researchers aim is to throw more light on the real impact of this industry on the sparing through their social activities. The research also works towards assessing whether or not the individual activities are achieving their in demand(p) impact on society. The view of the public is also a major concern to the researcher. This research is to go through out the take of recognition the mobile telecommunication industries receive for their social activities and also to identify the level of benefits they receive in terms of increasing customer rear and overall image of the indu stry upon pioneer such corporate social responsibility.1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The significance and contribution of the mobile telecommunication industry in this country cannot be over emphasized. The main aim of this think was to assess the level of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices by the Mobile Telecommunication Industry in the country. * This study sought to happen and document the extent of recognition and appreciation, nature and content of socially responsible actions by mobile telecommunication firms located in Ghana. * Based on this study the researcher anticipates that the entropy they have provided will be beneficial to the government and policy makers. Another motive for this research is to helping the industry be more aware of their CSR and acknowledge its importance to not only their image and customer base, but also as a major contributing factor towards economic development.* This study will interest students, academics and practitioners who might b e undertaking further research on issues relating to the topic. 1. 5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY * To outline the social, economic and policy-making factors driving the development and implementation of CSR of the mobile telecommunication industry Ghana. The study is to identify the contributions of mobile telecommunication network towards social and economic development with specific reference to MTN. * To assess the challenges they go through in complying with the expectation of the society * To address the contested nature of CSR, in particular in terms of its slavish or normative value. * To assess individuals notions of the role and nature of corporations with respect to corporate social responsibility. 1. 6 research QUESTINE * What are the corporate social responsibility activities undertaken by mobile telecommunication agencies? To what extent, and in what way can or should mobile corporations be held morally responsible?* Is there a significant contribution of CSR towards eco nomic development? * Are their CSR activities a strategy for distinguishing and protecting their image and creating trust, and to attract and retain both latent employees and consumers? * Are the benefits of their contributions worth the harm they may be causing to the societies? * Are they giving back teeming to the society relative to what they are receiving? * Are the people satisfied with their services and contributions? . 7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY Primary and secondary data was used as a source of breeding. The researchers also had to design proposed questionnaires to nark information from the users of the mobile industry concerning their opinions, this was however done randomly.The research is aimed at assessing the nature and content of the corporate social responsibility activities undertaken by the various organizations within the telecommunication industry and its contribution to the society and in turn the economy of the nation. . 8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Some of the li mitations of this study included * Lack of sufficient information This was as a result of the reluctance of officers within the industry to give out all the information required for the research. * Time factor The combination of academic demands i. e. Lectures and exams with the working on this project made the full point of submission quiet short for undertaking all the requirements for assessing information for the study. 1. 9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDYThis research is presented in 5 chapters with subdivisions. * Chapter 1 begins with an introduction to the topic stating its relevance, the background study, statement of the problem, research question, and objective of the study, significance of the study and scope and limitation. * Chapter 2 outlines the literature review definition and explanation of terms, nature of Social responsibility, levels and dimensions of social responsibility, problems associated with social responsibilities, Chapter 3 tackle the Theoretical Review of t he research, which comprises of the population, sample and sampling procedures,Research instrument , Administration of instrument and method acting of data Analysis. * Chapter 4 relates to the Empirical Review, which contains a brief historical background of the individual mobile telecommunication industries in Ghana, types of social responsibility activities in which they engage themselves into, effects of such activities on their customer base and profitability, problems encountered while undertaking/for filing their social responsibility Chapter 5 deals with presentation of findings, this consists of findings and summary, and conclusion of findings and recommendations. 1. 10 interpretation OF TERMS Ten CSR Themes Social Responsibility Agreements, Ghana Drivers of and Constraints to PRIVATE Sector Engagement